Cytoplasmic genic male sterility in pigeonpea by ldparmar. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is the maternally inherited inability of a plant to produce or shed viable pollen. Pdf while the molecular origin of mitochondrial human pathologies started to be known in some detail at the end of the 1980s, plant. Cmss exhibits fertility instability as a partial fertility restoration in a specific nuclear genetic background, which impedes its commercial application in hybrid breeding programs. Cytoplasmic male sterility article about cytoplasmic. Generally, malesterile lines are denoted as tcs, t texas, c cytoplasmic, s sterility. It obviates the need for removing the stamens either by hand or by machine. Male sterility was induced by exogenous application of gibberellic acid ga 3. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is caused by sterility genes in the cytoplasm which lead to the abnormal stamen and incompatible pollen.
Usually the cytoplasm of zygote comes primarily from the eggs cell and due to this progeny of such male sterile plants would always be male sterile. Other articles where cytoplasmic male sterility is discussed. Transgenic induction of mitochondrial rearrangements for. The fertility instability phenomenon of cmss is controlled by several minor. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms, a condition under which a plant is unable to produce functional pollen, is widespread among higher plants. Cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration ncbi.
Gynodioecy, the coexistence of functionally female and hermaphroditic morphs within plant populations, often has a complicated genetic basis involving several cytoplasmic malesterility factors and nuclear restorers. The inheritance of rf genes in pepper by joint segregation analysis was examined. Transgenic male sterility when the male sterility is induced by the techniques of genetic engineering, it is called as transgenic male sterility. Extra credit assignment for plb 112 in which we hannah contois and amber tepe explain cytoplasmic male sterility. Taksrit al tizi ouzou shimlali is nyrc chemlali tu cbnmp souri is ogb c chetoui tu ogb c toffahi eg ogb c. More than 300 species belonging to 20 families of angiosperms show self. This system, called cytoplasmic male sterility, or cytosterility, prevents normal maturation or function of the male sex organs stamens and results in defective pollen or none at all. In this type, male sterility is controlled by a single gene and is recessive to fertility, so that the f 1 individuals would be fertile. Cms systems represent a valuable tool in the production of hybrid seed in selfpollinating crop species, including maize, rice, cotton, and a number of. The molecular basis of cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration patrick s. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is a complex trait that may be influenced by patterns of mitochondrial genome evolution, and by intergenomic gene transfer among the organellar and nuclear. Cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration plant cell. It was believed that t texas cytoplasm is associated with susceptibility against several types of disease like leaf blight disease and yellow blight disease in maize.
Cytoplasmic male sterility an overview sciencedirect. Pdf cytoplasmic genic male sterility in pigeonpea by. In the f 2 generation, the fertile and sterile individuals will segregate in 3. In a number of cases, transcripts originating from these altered open reading frames are translated into unique proteins that appear to interfere with. Other a llium species could also be used as the pollen parent.
This complexity has made it difficult to study the genetics and evolution of gynodioecy in natural populations. Plant mitochondrial genome evolution and cytoplasmic male. Cytoplasmic male sterility can be restored by the restorer of fertility rf gene in the nucleus. Male sterility ms can be artificially introduced into flow ering plants by chemical treatment, by delivery of nuclear. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms sterile cytoplasm s male sterility comes about as a result of the combined action of nuclear genes and genic or structural changes in the cytoplasmic organellar genome. The molecular basis of cytoplasmic male sterility and. Restoreroffertility rf genes are a critical component within the cmsrf system. Molecular basis of cytoplasmic male sterility genetics. Identification of genes potentially associated with the. Cytoplasmic male sterility an overview sciencedirect topics.
This system is maternally inherited and studied intensively. The texas cytoplasm of maize carries two cytoplasmically inherited traits, male sterility and disease susceptibility, which have been of great interest both for basic research and plant breeding. It occurs in many plant species and is often associated with chimeric mitochondrial open reading frames. Cms lines, jlcms9a, jlcmsz9a, and jlcmspi9a, and their maintainer line, jlcms9b, to explore whether methylation levels differed in their nuclei.
Transgenic induction of mitochondrial rearrangements for cytoplasmic male sterility in crop plants ajay pal s. Wholegenome bisulfite sequencing of these four lines was. Cms is conditioned by gainoffunction mitochondrial genome mutations, giving rise to novel mitochondrial proteins and facilitating the use of cms in hybrid crop seed. Cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration. Male sterile plants produce no functional pollen, but do produce viable eggs. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms lines and their maintainer line have the same nucleus but different cytoplasm types. The malesterile inbred would be crossed to a second normalcytoplasm, pollen fertile inbred to give a cytoplasmi cally pollensterile single cross. Cytoplasmically inherited male sterility cms results from an interaction between the organellar and nuclear genomes that conditions the failure to produce functional pollen. Stype cytoplasmic male sterility cmss is the largest group among the three major types of cms in maize. Nonmendelian inheritance cytoplasmic 1 reciprocal differences observed.
Mackenzie plant science initiative, university of nebraska, lincoln, ne 68505. Pdf plant mitochondrial genome evolution and cytoplasmic. Sally mackenzie, in plant biotechnology and agriculture, 2012. The pollen sterility which is controlled by cytoplasmic genes is known as cytoplasmic male sterility cms. The failure of pollen formation results in male sterile plants. Extra chromosomal inheritance class 1 genetic education. Use of cytoplasmic male sterility in the production of f 1 hybrids, and their performance in trials. Incompatibility and male sterility and their utilization in crop improvement selfincompatibility selfincompatibility and sterility are the two mechanisms, which encourage crosspollination. Cytoplasmic male sterility may be utilized for producing hybrid seed in certain ornamental species, or in species where a vegetative part is of economic value. The use of cytoplasmic male sterility for hybrid seed. Cytoplasmic malesterile plants of allium cepa were used in making interspecific crosses with a. The two traits are inseparable and are associated with an unusual mitochondrial gene, t urf, which encodes a kilodalton polypeptide urf. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms has been noticed over 150 plant species. Cytoplasmic male sterility when plants fail to produce functional pollen grains, they are called.
Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is primarily caused by chimeric genes located in the mitochondrial genomes. It is heritable and basically comes under genetic male sterility. Cms systems represent a valuable tool in the production of hybrid seed in selfpollinating crop species, including maize, rice, cotton, and a number of vegetable crops. In several crops like maize, cytoplasmic control of male sterility is known. Cytoplasmic malesterility in oilseed rape heredity. Plant mitochondrial genome evolution and cytoplasmic male sterility zhiwen chen a, nan zhao, shuangshuang li, corrinne e. Inheritance of thioglucoside content in rapeseed brassica napus. Hybrid seed is produced from a cross between two genetically different lines. Transcript levels of orf288 are associated with the hau.
A quantitative genetic analysis of nuclearcytoplasmic. Pdf cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration in petunia. In plants, male sterility can be caused either by mitochondrial genes with coupled nuclear genes or by nuclear genes alone. In some crop plants male sterile mutants occur in which inheritance of male sterility follows one of the following two patterns. Cms and gms facilitate hybrid seed production for many crops and thus allow breeders to harness yield gains associated with hybrid vigor. The pollen sterility that is caused by nuclear genes is termed as genic or. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this kind of cytoplasmicnuclear interaction remains unclear. Cms is conditioned by gainoffunction mitochondrial genome mutations, giving rise to novel mitochondrial proteins and facilitating the use of cms in hybrid. In cotton, all three types of male steriles are found. Cms provides an expedient mechanism to produce large populations of malesterile plants for commercial f1 hybrid seed production. The one with cytoplasmic male sterility would be included in the cytoplasmic genetic system as and when restorer genes for it discovered.
In brassica juncea, orf288 has been identified as a cmsassociated gene in the hau cms line. Candidate gene selection for cytoplasmic male sterility in. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is a maternally inherited condition in which a plant is unable to produce functional pollen. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms, a condi tion under which a plant is unable to produce functional pollen, is widespread among higher plants. Engineering cytoplasmic male sterility via the chloroplast. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms and nucleuscontrolled fertility restoration are widespread plant reproductive features that provide useful tools to exploit heterosis in crops. The use of cytoplasmic malesterility in hybrid seed production. Male sterility and fertility restoration in crops annual. Nuclear male sterility nms genic, genetic, mendelian male sterility is governed solely by one or more. The authors also described the technique used today to exploit cytoplasmicgenic male sterility cms for the production of hybrid. Cytoplasmic male sterility an introduction to genetic.
Cytoplasmic male sterility cms in hybrid breeding in. Onestep generation of cytoplasmic male sterility by fusion of. Among the available male sterility systems, cytoplasmic male sterility cms is the most widely exploited in brassica vegetables. Cytoplasmic male sterility is used in agriculture to facilitate the production of hybrid seed. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is a commonly observed phenotype in higher plants, where it is described in over 140 plant species laser and lersten, 1972. Wendelb, and jinping huaa alaboratory of cotton genetics, genomics and breeding, college of agronomy and biotechnologykey laboratory of crop heterosis and utilization moe, beijing key laboratory.
The inheritance of rf genes in the two progenies was. Here, we show in rice oryza sativa with boro ii cytoplasm that an abnormal. Pdf cytoplasmic male sterility cms in petunia is due to an aberrant chimeric mitochondrially encoded gene designated pcf. Male sterility in plants is often cytoplasmically based and maternally inherited.
But in those crop plants where seed is the economic part, it is of no use because the hybrid progeny would be male sterile. In this article we will discuss about the molecular basis of cytoplasmic male sterility in nature. Since then considerable knowledge has been accumulated on the nature of the trait, the means of its identification and induction, inheritance of both genic and cytoplasmic genic malesterility, its line maintenance, and the potential for breeding hybrid cultivars. A cytoplasmic male sterility cms system is one of the most efficient ways to produce f 1 hybrid seeds in pepper capsicum annuum. Both nuclear and cytoplasmic genes are involved 1 n and s cytoplasm. In an effort to understand the involvements of gas in sun. The image represents the inheritance of cytoplasmic male sterility in maize.
The plant trait cytoplasmic male sterility cms is determined by the mitochondrial genome and is associated with a pollen sterility phenotype that can be suppressed or counteracted by nuclear genes known as restoreroffertility genes. Cms is a condition where plant is unable to produce functional pollen. Cytoplasmic male sterility is not influenced by environmental. Using protoplast fusion between cytoplasmic male sterile and fertile maintainer lines. Wise cytoplasmic male sterility cms is a maternally inherited condition in which a plant is unable to produce functional pollen.
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